"What we falsify here is the strong out-of-Africa hypothesis that everyone comes from the same population," Dr. Paabo said.
Previous analyses of genome-wide variation patterns have provided support for the "out-of-Africa" hypothesis of recent human evolution (Jakobsson et al. 2008; Li et al. 2008).
In animals, the "out-of-testis" hypothesis proposes that the testis, a male reproductive organ, is the catalyst for the birth and evolution of new genes.
According to the out-of-Africa hypothesis of human origins, this can be explained by groups migrating out of Africa experiencing severe population bottlenecks that have resulted in a reduction in the genetic diversity in the descendant populations [ 22, 23].
From a genetic perspective, uniparental non-recombining markers have depicted the most complete and coherent picture of the origin of modern humans, clearly favoring the recent out-of-Africa hypothesis.
These studies with animal genomes have led to the proposed "out-of-testis" hypothesis, where the testis, a male reproductive organ, is the catalyst for the birth and evolution of new genes (Kaessmann 2010).
Since high regional genetic diversity of a taxon can be taken as evidence for lineage persistence in ancestral areas [ 51], this provides support for an out-of-Asia hypothesis.
One theory, known as the Out of Africa hypothesis, holds that modern humans, whose ancestors had recently migrated from Africa, drove the Neandertals extinct, possibly through warfare, disease, or cognitive advantage.
It is opposed by supporters of the "out of Africa" hypothesis, who find the threshold concept at variance with the modern genetic theory of evolutionary change.
Based on the phylogeographic analysis of chloroplast ndhF-rpl32 intergenic spacer, Chang et al. (2015) demonstrated that Pacific paper mulberry originated in southern Taiwan, providing the first ethnobotanical support for the "out of Taiwan" hypothesis of Austronesian expansion.
