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For example, we are presently re-examining our indicators for atrial fibrillation in light of updated guidance, essentially indicating that anticoagulation treatment, after taking bleeding risk into account, has become the expected standard of medical care [ 43].
This may also be due to the fact that our indicators for temporary EPL are limited and do not cover certain aspects of the regulatory system (e.g. they do not consider temporary work agencies and procedural inconveniences for setting up a temporary contract).
This finding may differ when quality information is based on outcome indicators with a clinically relevant difference, as shown by our indicators for breast cancer treatment.
Each model was adjusted for chart-abstracted maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, infant sex, maternal smoking, and independent surrogate variables associated with putative sources of internal bias measured with error, specifically self-reported maternal ethnicity and our indicators for batch (chip, row, and column).
Attendees reported mixed results for the Symposium's influence on the field of Health Systems Research, with the majority reporting that the major influence of the Symposium on the field was the capacity change of individual stakeholders, which did not align with our indicators for high-level agenda or policy changes.
Overall, participants across all three data collection steps survey, in-conference interviews and post-conference interviews valued the conference highly in terms of gaining new knowledge, skills and networks, which aligned with our indicators for changes to work, practice and policy.
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We use pre-school child height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) at age six,15 a widely accepted indicator of childhood long-run nutritional status, to calculate our indicator for pre-school experience.
Our indicator for the presence of a firm-level contract does not seem to alter significantly any of the adjustment mechanisms reviewed, which is in sharp contrast with the scatterplot diagrams measuring correlation between summary bargaining-power indicators and the countries' "most-chosen" cost-cutting options (Figs. 3 and 4, described early in this section).
In conclusion, our indicator for total quantity of microbial exposure predicted asthma better than single microbial markers.
This indicator is the same as our indicator for missing financing information since this information is missing if, and only if, deal size is missing.
As our indicator for technological opportunities, we use aggregate expenditures for research and development by business in the European Union (27 countries), scaled by aggregate GDP.
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