Herein, we describe the latest review of the English-language literature, including our present gallbladder SCC case [2 17].
In our study, gallbladder cancer was more common among women, and low social classes had higher incidence rates than social class I, with evidence of declining incidence rates in all social classes since the early 1990s.
Another important difference is that most animal studies in general are performed on completely homogeneous study populations, showing relatively little variations between individual animals, which all receive the same standard diet, whereas in our study gallbladder bile of a heterogeneous patient population was investigated, which may be a main cause of variation.
A 69-year-old man was referred to our hospital for gallbladder carcinoma with hepatic invasion.
In our study, no gallbladder activity was detected on the planar SPECT scans performed after 99mTc-MAA administration, and results of the SPECT study did not influence cystic artery embolization.
In our case, we performed gallbladder bed resection in addition to subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Pretransplant abdominal computed tomography CT imaging studies in our case 2 showed gallbladder distention and wall thickness before cholecystostomy (arrow in a), and cholecystostomy (arrow in b) resolved these findings.
The presence of an intact gallbladder in our series did not affect symptomatic relief at follow-up.
While our results from the gallbladder are similar to that reported in literature, the data on extra-hepatic neoplasm differs from prior reports that suggest 10-15% of extra-pancreatic cholangiocarcinomas harbor mutations in the KRAS gene[ 3, 15].
Although skeletal muscle is not the natural organ for bilirubin glucuronidation, nonhepatic conjugated bilirubin is expected to clear through the liver and be excreted in bile, as reported in Gunn rats (37) and observed as a yellow color of the gallbladder in our AAV-treated mutant mice.
