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Population bottlenecks can downwardly bias Ne estimates [ 34, 35], but our contemporary sample is more than 20 generations away from the lowest recorded population size, so we assume that this bias is not a major influence on our estimates [ 35].
It is worth noting though that the frequencies of the Pan IAA genotype did not appear to have declined in our contemporary sample (collected in 2002) in comparison with the earlier years.
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Our contemporary samples were adults collected from spring spawning runs at specific spawning sites.
All historical samples were collected from the Napoleon Gulf of Lake Victoria, which is where we carried out our contemporary (2008 2010) sampling as well.
These data were based on specimens collected at Bukungu Landing, about 50 km away from the Lyingo Landing of Lake Kyoga, where we carried out our contemporary (2008 2010) sampling.
Using census data from 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1911, we have accordingly standardised our incidence figures for the contemporary sample to the rates observed for the historical sample.
Since we found limited population structure in the contemporary sample, only one haplotype per sampled individual was considered in all our demographic simulations.
However, given the stability of our results over a 20-year period and the increased ethnic diversity of the contemporary sample, it may not be necessary to investigate international differences.
In a large contemporary sample of 542 Class I patients, the extraction rate was 26.8%.
We evaluated this relationship in a contemporary sample from a single institution.
In a large contemporary sample of 542 Class I patients treated in Greece, the extraction rate was 26.8%.
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