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Xuan et al. [1, 8] emphasize an indirect or mediated result through adult binging, whereas my review (and all other primary studies in my review) focus on direct or primary effects of taxes on youth drinking.
There were slight differences in the CONFIRM population versus the other primary studies regarding prior treatments before study entry.
In this case, we re-constructed the results in the above noted 4 categories to allow the comparison of results with the other primary studies.
We oversampled people with colon or breast cancer in the highest poverty neighborhoods of California for other primary studies [ 17, 18, 24].
Although all patients in CONFIRM had prior endocrine therapy, prior AI therapy was not an inclusion criterion, whereas the other primary studies (except the Paridaens and Howell studies) had this constraint.
Similar(55)
The other primary study group fared little better.
The frequency of alarm symptoms in this study was similar to other primary care studies 6 7 but lower than those reported in retrospective secondary care studies.
We observed a lower risk of prostate cancer mortality for men with diabetes in this study, consistent with other primary incidence studies (27, 28) and meta-analyses of prostate cancer incidence (29).
Similarly, the recommended threshold of 3 for the PHQ-2 showed a low sensitivity in comparison with other primary care studies[ 7, 10, 28], whereas other studies describe results similar to those reported here[ 16, 17, 29].
Although data was generated from a single centre, comparison with data from other primary care studies suggests that the participants in our study are representative of the patients with back pain in primary care [ 7, 41].
The deliberate exclusion of patients perceived by the GP to be 'vulnerable' has been described in other primary care studies as 'gatekeeping' [ 12, 14]; restricting the opportunity for some patients to hear about a study and consider whether they wish to participate has important consequences for the representativeness of trial results.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com