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This phenomenon has also been demonstrated in the original English OSS version [ 10], indicating that the OSS has excellent construct validity across different cultures.
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In addition to that, SPADI's author and Isis Outcomes were notified and agreed to the preliminary SPADI and OSS Spanish version respectively.
The conceptual and linguistic equivalence was retained for the SPADI and OSS Spanish versions.
SPADI and OSS Spanish versions were tested for reliability, validity, responsiveness and feasibility in 120 women after BC treatment.
Both the preliminary SPADI and OSS Spanish versions were administered to 20 native Spanish-speaking women who met the inclusion criteria in order to obtain the SPADI (see Additional file 1) and OSS (see Isis Outcomes website) Spanish versions.
In order to analyse the convergent construct validity, the participants filled the SPADI and OSS Spanish versions with the following questionnaires: the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) [ 33], the Netherlands Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (NSDQ) [ 34], and the SF-36 Health Survey [ 35].
Therefore, the aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and psychometrically evaluate the simplified Chinese version of OSS (SC-OSS) in patients with shoulder pain in mainland China.
This study was to cross-culturally adapt and psychometrically validate a simplified Chinese version of the OSS (SC-OSS).
Permission to use the final Norwegian version of OSS and WORC was granted from the developers of the questionnaires.
The English version of OSS was translated and cross-culturally adapted according to international guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures [ 10, 17].
The OSS and SPADI Spanish-version translations and cultural adaptation did not present any difficulties.
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