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Returning back to the time-domain, each rational function is equivalent to a generalized exponential basis and represents one valid oscillation term or resonance.
The right column of Fig. 5 shows the limit cycle with an intrinsic oscillation term (at 50 Hz) at input frequency F = 10 and F = 50 Hz.
The quality of the oscillation term osc is measured with (4.7) ‖ osc ‖ O s ≔ sup N ∈ N 0 min T ∈ T (N ) (N + 1 ) s osc (T ; U (T ) ) < ∞.
The derivation of the residual-based error estimator η (T, ⋅ ) follows similarly to the homogeneous case and differs only by adding an oscillation term to control the approximation of the Dirichlet data [38,39,109,110].
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All suggested error estimators yield a guaranteed upper bound of the discrete energy error up to oscillation terms with explicit constants.
Free electrons in a noble metal nanoparticle can be resonantly excited, leading to their collective oscillation termed as a surface plasmon.
Employing the time-varying poles to construct oscillation terms, g k [ n]. 4.
Exposure to an oscillating electromagnetic field of light causes the free electrons of the metallic nanoparticle to undergo a collective coherent oscillation, termed localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) oscillation [47].
A multicomponent AM-FM model describes a non-stationary signal as the combination of oscillation terms with time-varying amplitudes and frequencies: x ( t ) = ∑ k = 1 N c A k ( t ) e j θ k ( t ), (1).
Each component of oscillation, termed an IMF, is sequentially decomposed from the original time series by a sifting process.
Each component of oscillation, termed IMF, was sequentially decomposed from the original time series by a sifting process.
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