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This improvement was marked by increases in cellular ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the number of mitochondria of orthodox configuration.
The ratio of mitochondria in the orthodox configuration compared to condensed conformation is shown in Figure 4L.
In short, the likely source of significantly increased membrane potential and ATP production in the TER cells arises from the substantial increase in healthy, orthodox configuration mitochondria with high metabolic capacity.
The upper panel of Figure 4A shows a mitochondrion with steady-state morphology known as the orthodox configuration, characterized in cross-section by tightly packed thin cristae filling an expanded, more translucent mitochondrial matrix.
As suggested by the representative images of Fig. 4D K, the FIB, IPS, and ESC lines displayed mitochondrial complements composed predominantly of mitochondria in a condensed configuration, whereas TER cells lines displayed an overwhelming preponderance of mitochondria in an orthodox configuration (Fig. 4L).
Mitochondria responded to MAP4(Ala) by readopting an orthodox configuration under hypoxic conditions.
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Mitochondria can interconvert between the broadly defined orthodox and condensed configurations [25].
This difference stems of course from what Bohmian mechanics adds to orthodox quantum theory: actual configurations.
There is also the nonlocality, or nonseparability, implicit in the wave function itself, which is present even without the structure — actual configurations — that Bohmian mechanics adds to orthodox quantum theory.
Quantification of mitochondrial configuration in each cell line was performed by manual counting of mitochondria of orthodox or condensed configuration in 4 6 representative EM images (of each line) by six unbiased volunteers unfamiliar with the study.
It is perhaps worth noting that orthodox quantum theory lacks the resources that make it possible to define the conditional wave function, namely, the actual configuration Y of the environment.
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