On the other hand, mutational biases from RNA polymerase II that transcribes mRNA sequences and dinucleotide composition abnormalities originating from selection in the cytoplasm lead to asymmetries that need to be separately modelled.
P. camemberti is only found in cheese and is thought to include a single clonal lineage originating from selection programs at the end of the 19th century from the blue-gray cheese molds used at that time, i.e., Penicillium biforme and Penicillium fuscoglaucum [ 20, 21].
When a single agronomic trait conferred by a specific FNP was favored and selected in early rice intermediates, plants with this FNP would be propagated via migrations and transfers from the plant's original local origin, regardless of whether the FNP originated from selection of a simple mutation or introgression with a locus containing a certain standing variation.
However, since these isolates did not contain mutations in the promoter controlling lacZ expression, no cause for the observed loss of LacZ activity (which originated from selection against expression cost, not against activity) can be identified at present.
Inevitably, the extent of missing functional data is not random, so that in case of drug toxicity increasing death rate, the remaining functional data in the active drug group is misleading as regards efficacy (Wu, 1988; Wu and Bailey, 1988) because they originate from selection of a biased sub-group.
In other backgrounds, originating from in vitro selection of laboratory strains, structural changes in cell-wall composition were limited [ 18] suggesting that there is no single genetic or biochemical change responsible for the decreased glycopeptide sensitivity.
These dissimilarities originate from the selection criterion used in selecting meningioma patients – random in Ecuador, LOH for 1p markers in Spain – and the well established correlation between 1p loss and meningioma progression [ 5, 6]. a Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Test for age and sex comparison.
This likely originated from the selection bias of our study.
Experimental animals originated from artificial selection lines at the University of Jyväskylä.
Here, we hypothesized that the case-control effect size for every loci is null, and the difference of measurements originate from individual selection.
Pro-inflammatory host responses that are deleterious later in life may originate from evolutionary selection for genetic variation mediating resistance to infectious diseases under adverse environmental conditions.
