That dampens price competition: independent brokers originate less than one-third of the mortgages in Canada, compared with up to 70% in America during the bubble.
In centuries past, Africa was known as the "Dark Continent," which originated less as a slur than as a testament to the deficiency of mapmakers: clueless about the continent's interior, they would often just blot it out, as if the place didn't fully exist.
Among the enteropathogenic Yersinia species is Y. pseudotuberculosis, from which Y. pestis originated less than 20 000 years ago [18].
The observed substitution rates of geminiviruses in the genera Begomovirus and Mastrevirus are so high that the entire family could conceivably have originated less than a million years ago (MYA).
Assuming alternative, faster or slower, cox1 substitution rates than the 2% used here (1.5 to 3.5%, summarized in [47]), the nonmonophyletic groups were still determined to have originated less than five million years ago.
It was previously suggested that this segmental duplication originated less than 5 8 million years ago [ 11, 12, 24] and emerged after the divergence of barley and rice.
Pang et al. [ 19] also suggested that the domestic dog originated less than 16,300 years ago, but details for the molecular calibrations are lacking.
The youngest rearrangement is the fusion between the X chromosome and an autosome in D. americana, which appears to have originated less than 0.5 mya [ 60] and is still segregating in populations with the ancestral arrangement [ 30].
Another uncommon amino acid occurs in most of the Elephantidae group at position 266, but not in the American mastodon, suggesting that this mutation originated less than 24 million years ago, after the divergence of the American mastodon from the other four proboscidean species analyzed [ 36] [see Additional file 1, Fig. S5]).
Recent data has suggested that inbreeding is also the derived state in N. tetrasperma originating less than 6 Ma (Menkis et al. 2008; Nygren et al. 2011); accordingly, it may be inferred that selfing might have existed for too short of a time period to alter codon usage in this taxon.
