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Incoming students were originally required to speak French, English and German, with courses taught in each; since the 1990s, classes have been conducted only in English, though students must speak at least one other language to enter the M.B.A. program, and to graduate must learn a third "commercially useful" language — say, French, Spanish, Mandarin or Russian.
He is arguing that Polanski should be sentenced to time served, as he has already exceeded the custody time he was originally required to serve when counting time spent in jail and house arrest in Switzerland in 2009 and 2010.
Finally, this study was mainly designed to investigate the prevalence of selected chronic diseases in Nanjing municipality, thus only each responder's identification number was originally required to be recorded on each questionnaire without consideration of family identification number.
Our results are consistent with the common observation that a skill can often be performed in a different environment with substantially less retraining than originally required to learn the skill, described by Krakauer and colleagues as task-specific savings (Krakauer et al., 2005).
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This brings Google back full circle to the initial strategy for Google Video, which originally required videos to be uploaded directly to Google in order to become indexed.
Uber earlier this year launched a program called Instant Pay with GoBank, which originally required contractors to have GoBank debit cards to receive the money, but has since been expanded to cover any and all debit card-based bank accounts.
It originally required states to expand Medicaid.
The so-called foreign agent laws, which were introduced in 2012, originally required NGOs to voluntarily register as foreign agents.
Obamacare originally required states to expand the programme if states did not, they would lose all federal money for Medicaid.
The covenants in the agreement originally required Lucent to report a profit (after interest payments, taxes and other exclusions), starting in the quarter beginning on July 1.
The founding fathers originally required Congress to convene on the first Monday in December — a mandate that automatically created a lame-duck session.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com