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Original acceleration seismograms were integrated.
The original acceleration waveforms are numerically integrated within the time domain into velocity.
Then, we numerically integrated the original acceleration waveforms twice in the time domain.
First, we collect original acceleration data from the accelerometer in the Shimmer.
Figure 2 shows the record section of the north-south components of observed original acceleration waveforms according to the station's latitude.
We inverted the displacement waveforms obtained by integrating the original acceleration data twice after the removal of the offset and bandpass-filtering between 0.025 and 0.25 Hz.
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Solar neutrons can arrive forthwith from the Sun to the Earth – since they are not affected by the interplanetary magnetic fields – holding key information concerning the original particle acceleration.
Figure 3 shows the original three-component acceleration waveforms and estimated H/V spectra of three stages (foreshock, main shock, and aftershock) after applying 0.1 Hz Parzen windows.
There are some studies to detect triggered local events in strong-motion records (e.g., Fischer and Sammis 2009); however, it is rare that the phases of the triggered event can clearly be detected in the original non-filtered acceleration records.
Additionally, the hurricane was expected to stall near the Azores, in contrast to the original forecast of continued acceleration to the northeast.
Based on the understanding of the dynamics of hysteretic systems, some simplifications and modifications are made to the original VWNN in predicting accelerations of hysteretic systems under arbitrary force excitations.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com