The subgroups within this clade did not appear to correlate with the origin of the specimens from certain geographical areas (Fig. 1, File S2).
The cytb topology reflected the geographic origin of the specimens, and the five main evolutionary lineages of Fink et al. [33] and Heckel et al. [34] were found: W (France, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Spain), F (Germany), I (Switzerland, Italy), E (Germany, Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Finland) and C (France, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Denmark).
The discrepancy with Liu's data could be related to the different ethnical origin of the specimens.
The heavily European (especially German) origin of the specimens in both studies is fortuitous, because Einstein was born in Germany.
Table 1 [see Additional file 1] lists specimen information, geographic origin of the specimens, names of collectors, and GenBank accession numbers.
blinded to the origin of the specimens with special regard to liver architecture, cellular changes, extent of necrosis (% of liver), and level of hemorrhage scored on a four-point scale (0 3; 0 none, 1 mild, 2 moderate, 3 severe).
All left upper lung lobes were transversely cut immediately above the main brochus insertion and random sections, including posterior and anterior parts of the lungs, were assessed by a pathologist blinded to the experimental origin of the specimens.
We used deltamethrin resistant and susceptible mosquitoes from the same area under the same growing conditions to reduce the confounding effects of geographic origin of the specimens and larval growing conditions.
Although obtained by a reportedly reputable collector, and accepted by the Texas State Records Committee, the origin of this specimen is a source of some controversy, and it has not been accepted by the American Birding Association or the American Ornithologists Unionn.
As questions about the origins of the specimens have persisted, the state has gotten involved.
