The experimental finding that both ON and OFF inputs into the cortex are required for the development of orientation columns [86] has been considered strong evidence for a correlation-based origin of the orientation map [59].
As in the case of OS, the model suggests the retina as the origin of the orientation map: The continuity of the map comes from the fact that neighboring cortical neurons share input from the same retinal cells (Ringach 2004), and the periodicity arises from a Moiré interference pattern of the hexagonal grid of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells (Paik and Ringach 2011).
We believe that the origin of this orientation lies in a complex interaction between molecule, dopant and solvent whereby the polymer adopts an extended, swollen conformation in solution.
A stretching-induced crystallization forming microfibril-like crystallites of PCL is suggested to be at the origin of the high crystalline orientation for those blends, which have a dominant proportion of amorphous components during the stretching, instead of the transformation of existing lamellae to the microfibrillar structure for stretched highly crystalline blends.
To further elucidate the origin of the defective embryo orientation at post-implantation stages, we performed detailed histological examinations coupled with immunofluorescence staining of E-cadherin or cytokeratin (epithelial markers) at the pre-implantation and initial implantation stages.
We do not know the origin of the preferred c-axis orientation in the fine-grained part, which may have been inherited from that in calcite aggregates constituting the matrix of wall rocks.
And in any case, he adds, "we should not restrict research on the origins of sexual orientation on the basis of hypothetical or real implications.
For example, it is not known when the GKPID's scaffolding functions first evolved, either in relation to the emergence of organized multicellularity or the origin of the other components of the spindle orientation complex; it is therefore unclear how the complex was assembled by evolution or what its role may have been in the emergence of spindle orientation and tissue organization.
To avoid any possible confounding effect of orientation and origin of the muscle fibers on the signal quantification, at least five transverse optical-sectional images from each section of the LV-myocardium, two sections from each animal, and four animals per group, were analyzed.
The observed preference toward a parallel orientation would facilitate processive binding, although we can identify no clear mechanism as to the origins of the preferential parallel orientation.
The location, orientation, and evolutionary origin of the sequences differ between genera therefore the exact mechanism of transposition would also differ if it were involved in the process.
