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The nature and origin of sperm head vacuoles are still uncertain and it is not clear whether they originate from the nucleus or acrosome or other membranous structures.
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This finding mirrors the oligotrophic conditions of the Mediterranean Sea [28], [29], thus confirming the Mediterranean origin of the sperm whales.
The origin and dynamics of sperm head vacuoles are not well understood and their role in sperm function is disputable.
Developmental and/or mutational biases in the origin or evolution of sperm size also could generate small hermaphrodite and male sperm in the absence of strong countervailing selection [ 61].
Finally, selection may have favored decreased size of male sperm following the origin of selfing hermaphroditism, because male sperm no longer competed against other male sperm with any regularity and only had to be bigger than hermaphrodite sperm to ensure male fertilization success.
These in vivo results further directly verified that HongrES1 is a novel molecule of the epididymis origin for the inhibition of sperm capacitation.
On the one hand, the Ikhwân were not physicians, though they display extensive knowledge of anatomy and share the Aristotelian thesis of the origin of the embryo from the sperm and menstrual blood, while they did not accept the ancient Hippocratic theory as developed by Galen, of a female sperm coexisting with that of the male in the formation of the human being.
To define by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, the prevalence of sperm tail defects of genetic origin among men suffering for a reduced or absent sperm motility.
c) Riedel 2005 showed synchronization of sperm flagella, with a similar conclusion on the hydrodynamic origin of the coordination.
The anterior location of sperm head vacuoles led to the question about their possible origin from acrosome.
Intriguingly, we did not observe major DNA replication defects in the absence of Tipin when inter-origin distance was artificially increased by the addition of a high number of sperm nuclei to egg extract.
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