Exact(8)
Co-option of existing components provides a different perspective compared to traditional gradual models that imply anonymous variation leading to the origin of novel traits like a lens.
Maynard Smith and Szathmary (1995) proposed that all major evolutionary transitions are associated with the origin of novel means of increasing the efficiency of storing and transmitting information; in other words, of major innovations in the genealogical system.
The adaptations and diversity of organisms, the origin of novel and complex species, even the origin of mankind, could now be explained by an orderly process of change governed by natural laws.
Devo evo would provide a new theory of the origin of novel structures and behaviors with evolution based on population genetics continuing to explain variation in existing phenotypes and different theories to explain the evolution of the new and the maintenance of the old (Hallgrímsson and Hall 2005, 2011).
Yet, their role in the origin of novel, complex traits remains unclear.
The origin of novel functions after gene duplication is easily accommodated within modern evolutionary theory [74], [75], [76].
The origin of novel body plans has been accompanied by radical alterations of Hox expression in both echinoderms [94] and cephalopods [95].
The combination of correlation, functional tests, and a pattern consistent with purifying selection strongly suggests that substitutions in residues homologous to bovine opsin 310 and 312 contributed to the origin of novel phototransduction pathways with alternative G-protein binding partners.
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