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At the start of each simulation, all individuals had a random recognition locus genotype and were homozygous for the non-cooperative allele; the model therefore considers the origin of cooperation based on pre-existing, polymorphic recognition cues.
Dr. Nowak found his first clues to the origin of cooperation in graduate school, collaborating with his Ph.D. adviser, Karl Sigmund.
The evolutionary origin of cooperation among unrelated individuals remains a key unsolved issue across several disciplines.
As a metaphor, the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) has been widely used to investigate the origin of cooperation.
On the other hand, an intriguing issue is the connection of our results to the problem of the evolutionary origin of cooperation.
But as highlighted by the author in [18] there is still "a lack of clear explanation of the mechanisms necessary for the evolutionary origin of cooperation, particularly between species".
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Likewise, the origins of cooperation differ from country to country, though common elements emerge (e.g. the role of government, reaction to a stimulus or threat).
The axis Origins of Cooperation is explained by the Motivation to execute a cooperation.
This taxonomy contains five principal axes: Group Architecture, Resource Conflicts, Origins of Cooperation, Learning and Geometric Problems.
Fig. 1 Finite state machine of a foraging robot Fig. 2 A graphical representation of Cao et al. taxonomy (Cao et al. 1997), with five axes: Group Architecture, Resource Conflicts, Origins of Cooperation, Learning, Geometric Problems.
Moreover, since individuals cannot parasitise this cooperative process, our results emphasize the origin of sociality and cooperation outside of cooperative dilemma settings, as suggested by others [ 48].
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