The BiB cohort includes all eligible women, irrespective of their ethnic origin, but for this study other ethnic groups were either too small to be examined separately or were not relevant to the comparison of South Asian and white European ethnicity.
In order to demonstrate this in humans, two requirements are mandatory: the cells that are used for epigenetic analyses need to be (i) the cells of origin for the studied cancer, and (ii) they need to be collected years in advance of the onset of cytological and morphological signs of cancer.
A panel of seven head and neck cancer cell lines of human origin was specifically designed for this study: CAL27, CAL33, CAL60, CAL165, CAL166 originated from our Institute; Hep-2 and Detroit562 originated from the American Type Cell Collection (Rockville, MD, USA).
They were all examined by ophthalmologists who diagnosed retinal disease of unexplained origin and referred them for this study.
Hence, only 2 samplers were located within Vidal Street, the main traffic route through the industrial core, which served as the point of origin for the measures for this study to capture pollution near service areas.
While acknowledging that country of birth is not a perfect measure of an individual's country of origin, it provides useful information for this study on health worker workforce and migration.
The Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics (HERITAGE Family Studyy contained a total of 461 individuals (198 men and 263 women) from 150 two-generation families of African-American (172) or Caucasian (289) origin with complete data available for this study.
All participants were of Tunisian origin and gave their informed consent for this study.
The country of origin for Hispanic participants is significant for this study because according to the 2007 American Communities Survey [ 20], the majority of Hispanics in the United States were from Mexico (64%) and only 8% are from Central America.
Despite that the dead biomass was not separated into shrub or herbaceous origins in this study, the herbs accounted for relatively larger proportion of the dead biomass.
