By inferring retrocopy orthology, we dated most of the primate retrocopy origins, and estimated a decrease in the fixation rate in recent primate history, implying a smaller number of species-specific retrocopies.
It permits us to analyse directly the horizontal magnetic field of magnetospheric and ionospheric origin and to estimate the spatio-temporal variations of the geomagnetic field due to the occurrence of a geomagnetic storm.
However, as we find in the next section, the estimated receiving country flows by country of origin and the estimated sending country flows by country of destination are not always consistent with each other.
Fourth, we considered duplicates that arose at each point of origin s, and estimated their tendency to be reassigned at s and at all subsequent phylogenetic points, t.
The method can be applied to infer haplotypes and estimate line origin of alleles in crossbred data and to infer haplotypes in purebred data.
Here we analyze a large sample of radiocarbon dates from the northeast Eurasian Upper Paleolithic to identify the origin of this expansion, and estimate the velocity of colonization wave as it moved across northern Eurasia and into the Americas.
Differentiation among geographic regions, host origin and pathogenicity was estimated on combined multilocus sequences of tub2 and EF1α.
Work is ongoing to assess the theoretical impact of human population movement on malaria transmission in Djibouti using a combination of travel history data from surveys; air passenger origin and destination data; and estimates of malaria risk of origin and destination [Deepa Pindolia, Personal Communication].
We also used statistical and phylogenetic tools to model and estimate the origin and growth of CRF02_AG and HIV-1G in Nigeria, which to the best of our knowledge is not yet documented.
Recently, the analysis of four regions (trnL-F, trnT-L, trnS-G and matK) was used to demonstrate the polyphyletic origin of the Olea genus and estimate the divergence times for the major groups of Olea species and subspecies during the Tertiary period [ 13].
