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Scene stimuli were presented in the periphery to either the left or right of fixation, preceded by a central face cue whose gaze oriented attention to the probable location of the scene.
It can be explained, however, by considering that (1) some activity related to spontaneous thoughts is likely to be present during the meditative baseline condition, and (2) the response to the stimuli in our task always included the interruption of an ongoing state of introspectively oriented attention to require visual processing and a motor response (see Methods).
This network of brain areas is thought to be associated with self oriented thinking, and is deactivated during externally oriented attention [ 43, 44].
These authors reported that 30/153 neurons in LIP responded not only when monkeys oriented attention towards the receptive field of those neurons, but also when they observed other monkeys orienting in the same direction.
Northoff and Sibille [ 8] have suggested hyperactivity of the DMN as one of the endophenotypes of major depression, which could predispose individuals with this endophenotype to depression, whereas Marchetti and colleagues [ 9] hypothesized that the increased DMN activity could be a depressive scar resulting from a dysfunctional switch between internally and externally oriented attention.
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In the real world, salient cues (e.g., a shout from the crowd) might orient attention to an event.
The cue expected to be most effective at orienting attention – the extra-vehicular cue – performs most poorly when the spatial information is either invalid or neutral.
The central idea of such a motor theory is that "the program for orienting attention either overtly or covertly is the same, but in the latter case the eyes are blocked at a certain peripheral stage" (Rizzolatti et al, 1987, 37).
A cognitive task that places greater emphasis on orienting attention to identify objects might reveal distinctions between fear and disgust that were not observed in the present study.
When the frontal bias was completely lesioned, IOR was impaired, locations were repeatedly revisited and there was difficulty re-orienting attention so that the scan path failed to fully explore the scene.
The best characterized neural systems are those involved in orienting attention to faces.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com