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The same criterion was used to terminate the orientation trial.
Similarly, the two groups did not differ in their looking times to the Orientation trial [ t 30) =.46, p =.65].
Similarly, the Short-wall group's attention to the orientation trial was not different from infants in Experiment 1 [highest t 30) =.78, p =.44].
A single orientation trial was administered between familiarization and test which comprised the first frame of the test trial movies, and served to familiarize infants to the presence of two objects.
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During orientation trials, select crayfish oriented under a point or nonpoint source copper background pollutant at the same concentration as the exposure period.
Orientation trials were videotaped and analyzed using EthoVision XT 8.5 (Noldus Information Technology, The Netherlands) for differences in overall success in locating the food source and orienting parameters.
Significant differences were found in the overall orientation ability of O. rusticus to locate an odor source when previously exposed to copper in combination with a source of pollution in the background of orientation trials.
We conducted separate two-way ANOVA for the irrelevant shape and the irrelevant orientation trials.
However, instead of testing contrast discrimination of stimuli that have been correctly anticipated by an action or not, we assessed contrast discrimination when a (Gabor grating) stimulus is presented twice with the same orientation (repetition trial) versus when the orientation is changed from the first to the second presentation (alternation trial).
To test the generality of OFC and HPC involvement in intertemporal choice, we trained rats on a novel, nonspatial T-maze task in which the delayed HR and immediate LR options were associated with patterned goal arms (black and white stripes vs. gray), whose right left orientation varied from trial to trial (Fig. 1).
Hence, in 2013, the second edition was updated and radically refined: we checked the theoretical orientation of each trial and all included trials were recategorised, and data completely re-extracted and reanalysed based on baseline never-smoking cohorts.
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