For both row orientations, reduction of spacing from 5.0 to 4.0 and 2.5 m added on average 39 and 107% more canopy volume and external surface area per hectare, respectively.
We implement adaptation as a change in the likelihood function (i.e., the sensory evidence), reflecting that neurons show orientation specific reductions in responsiveness to repeated stimuli.
This is plausible given that orientation specific reductions in neuronal activity are frequently reported in studies on neuronal adaptation (e.g. Carandini et al. 1998).
Particle tumbling is avoided altogether in single-particle imaging of molecules on a thin substrate [56] where the use of cross-correlation (to determine relative orientation) allows a reduction in the radiation dose relative to visual inspection [57].
This behaviour has been attributed to two phenomena, occurring concomitantly: that of macromolecular chain orientation causing a reduction of free volume and a (relative) increase of Tg, and chain scission caused both by chain elongation and thermal degradation, leading to a drop of Tg.
Seedlings grown for 8 days on MS agar plates in a vertical orientation revealed a reduction in lateral root formation and, hence, lateral root density in the mutant compared to the wild type.
When significance is judged at the 99% level all non-Y loci can be treated as changing in the consensus* orientation without significant reduction in their likelihood of monotonic change.
Theoretical calculations supported the hypothesis that rhenium photocatalysts covalently attached to TiO2 show an optimum orientation for maximum reduction capacity.[ 15l] Thus, the lack of steric hindrance when immobilising ReP onto TiO2 suggests that the interaction of ReP− with CO2 is expected to be comparable to a homogeneous system.
Notably, there were no significant reductions in receptor-Kras BRET signal with either BRET-tag orientation, indicating that reductions in receptor-arrestin BRET signals relative to wild-type were not as a consequence of reduced receptor plasma membrane expression.
Al 1%Mn single crystals of {0 0 1}〈1 1 0〉 orientation, rolled to reductions of between 18% and 90%, were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscope techniques, in order to examine the crystal subdivision pattern over both macroscopic and microscopic length scales.
