While there are considerable regional differences regarding contents, priorities, concepts and orientations of teaching in this field, a commonality in many of these developments is that they were student driven [ 13, 21, 22].
Two studies (one longitudinal) were designed to extend Butler's model of teachers' goal orientations for teaching.
"The porn performers I talk to a lot of them get rape threats and death threats daily, and so part of the orientation would be teaching them to manage their boundaries on social media and with our culture".
Highly procedural orientations to teaching with lack of incorporation of problem-solving tasks have also been noted in teaching in the intermediate grades (grades 4 to 6) (Ally and Christiansen 2013; Sorto and Sapire 2011).
In this paper, an innovative concept for a laboratory and a student competition for the improvement of practical orientation of control engineering teaching are presented.
Studying teacher enactment of an innovation helps us understand the process of effective spread of a curricular innovation to teachers who have differing levels of content readiness, pedagogical orientations, teaching competency, different student profiles, and professional development experiences.
These features can to some extent be minimized by changing the orientation of trees, or by teaching students how to interpret them properly (Maddison et al. 2007; Gregory 2008).
Most studies also show that a greater percentage of adolescents prefer sexual orientation that will teach them about the use of contraception and sexually transmitted infections than abstinence-only sexual education.
Based on literature and model specifications in the primary studies, we used the number of variables (dimension), sample size (number of hospitals), estimation method (SFA v. DEA), orientation (input v. output), percentage of teaching hospitals, publication period and heterogeneity in the sample in terms of type, activity, location and ownership as explanatory variables.
Class 1C learned Gaelic and the orientation of the history that was taught was Irish; had he stayed in that class he considered later he might have possessed a greater awareness of the history of Ireland and a more defined Republican point of view.
