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This review mainly focuses on non-canonical structures adopted by DNA oligonucleotides which have certain prerequisites for their formation in terms of sequence, its length, number and orientation of strands along with varied solution conditions.
These non-sequential cross-peaks are indicative for an anti-parallel orientation of strands β1 and β3, which are bridged by the β-hairpin inducing D-Pro-Gly sequence (Fig. 2).
The four types of PQS found in the upstream B regions of var genes were also examined by circular dichroism (CD), which provides information about the orientation of strands within a G-quadruplex, because the CD signal changes with the syn/anti orientation about the glycosylic bonds.
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The orientation of strand-specific sequencing reads matches the direction of transcription of a given transcription unit (for transcripts of genes found in the inverted repeat regions this becomes apparent only after the second copy of the repeat is removed from the reference sequence).
The orientation of macromolecular strands induced by plastic deformation is shown to be higher in the less cohesive spaces.
Biosensor based on DNA hybridization holds great potential to get higher sensitivity as the optimal DNA hybridization efficiency can be achieved by controlling the distribution and orientation of probe strands on the transducer surface.
In the frame of a non-continuous glassy polymer network, the experimental results are interpreted by an orientation of macromolecular strands in the less cohesive zones of the polymer matrix, between the more cohesive regions.
They can be classified as parallel or anti-parallel, depending on the orientation of the strands and the conformation of the guanosine residues.
The G-quadruplexes differ by folding pattern, number of tetrads, size of nontetrad loops, and orientation of the strands in the quadruplex.
Moreover, E. coli cells twist as they elongate in an MreB-dependent fashion, due to the orientation of glycan strands with a slight angular bias away from the circumferential direction [ 26].
The LV myocardial fibre architecture has a typical orientation of myocardial strands that change from being oblique in the subepicardium, to circumferential in the middle, and longitudinal in the subendocardium [ 44].
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