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The ANSF plays an advocacy role with stakeholders and partners in the equine world and ensures a proper orientation of selection and genetic improvement within the breed.
Moreover, conservation estimates depend also on the orientation of selection relative to mutational biases and can vary over time.
In functional regions, we typically expect the orientation of selection to be in some jumble over the different nucleotides.
Furthermore, for the same strength of weak constraint, the measurement of conservation will typically vary with branch length and depend on the orientation of selection, that is, which particular bases are the preferred states in relation to the mutational biases.
If the orientation of functional selection to mutational bias is random, then, in the absence of BGC, all functional sites will indeed show sequence conservation regardless of the orientation of selection to mutation.
Interactions between mutational biases, BGC, and weak selection can have intricate effects on sequence conservation and its inference: the rate of evolution at constrained sites can actually be higher compared with neutrally evolving sites, and conservation estimates will typically depend on the orientation of selection and vary over time.
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The level of interference can be varied depending upon the orientation of the selection cassette if it has cryptic splice donor and acceptor sites, like the neo gene, [39] or they can be engineered.
Depending on the orientation of functional selection, constrained sites will not always appear to be constrained and can even show less conservation than unconstrained sites.
Attention Restoration Theory [Kaplan, S., 1995. The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework, J. Environ. Psychol.15, 241 248.] and theorized components of restorative environments were used as an orientation for selection of the visual stimuli.
However, to determine whether the observed IS orientation biases could just reflect a general preference for insertion in a specific orientation or the effect of selection, we determined global orientation for non-IS encoded and IS-encoded genes in 1,727 bacterial chromosomes (fig. 2).
Experimental observations of orientation selection during film growth are explained based on film/substrate interface energy and film surface energy minimization.
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