The implication of this is that the orientation of policies towards access to market as a means of fast tracking the development of smallholders should be well defined to exclusively relate to market centre participation rather than either farmgate or market centre participation.
Key threats on the horizon to Obama securing this re-orientation of policy remain the possibility of further devastating terrorist attacks on the US homeland from al-Qaida, or a major upsurge of tension in the Middle East.
A re-orientation of policies and practices are needed to restore trust and secure better services for the poor.
Given the small number of cases compared, differing workshop results might also be explained by different value orientations of policy-makers and researchers in the four case study countries towards research utilization.
The wars of reconquest on the eastern frontier in this period and the general military orientation of imperial policy brought to the fore a new class of aristocracy, whose wealth and power were based on land ownership and who held most of the higher military posts.
It does seem that the orientation of the policy is that, we're just going to shift the market out of sheer will.
Given the orientation of current policy, it is noteworthy that there has been relatively little research into the processes by which industry actors seek to influence policy.
But, even though pasturelands are shrinking rapidly at regional scale, there is still time to change the orientation of these policies.
In the light of this new orientation of European policies and considering the comprehensive methodological definition of DAs, we can attempt to give a detailed answer to our main research question.
This shift in the orientation of public policies, combined with technological change and the trade boost from globalization, creates a set of opportunities for change in processes and strategies that can lead to a programme of reforms and a shift to a new governance.
Any change in the orientation of health policies must necessarily take into account their actual practices, strategies, and capacity to obstruct implementation.
