The number and distribution of acyl chains has been shown to affect the tilt angle of the disaccharide backbone with respect to the target cell membrane; the orientation of the backbone sugars appears to correlate with the endotoxic potential of the LPS.
Since only the main chain atoms participate in the Y313-W162 hydrogen bond, the side chain of W162 may be involved in maintaining a favorable orientation of the backbone carbonyl group towards the Y313 side chain hydroxyl group.
This high device efficiency may be attributed to improved charge transport and minimized bimolecular recombination due to the smooth surface roughness and pronounced face-on orientation of polymer backbones in the bulk heterojunction film.
In the ladder-like interpolymeric complexes, formed due to the interaction of complementary groups in repeating polymer chain units, the complexation is accompanied usually by the mutual orientation of polymer backbones and the decrease of blend free volume.
We use these tools to consider how the position and orientation of the polypeptide backbone (with respect to the DNA) helps to determine what contacts are possible at any given position in a protein-DNA complex.
Despite these additional interactions, the increase in affinity of 11 for importin-α was modest, possibly due to the alternative orientation of the lysine backbone (∼160° flip) relative to the native TPX2 peptide.
Corroborating the optical properties, the higher-lying HOMO level of BBTI-1 relative to BBTI-2 is in agreement with a more coplanar orientation of the polymer backbone in the thin film of BBTI-1 than in the thin film of BBTI-2.
To assess whether the orientation of the lysine backbone in 11 was important, and to probe other interactions in the minor site, a longer merged peptide of the form fragment-KGTF 12 (with glycine replacing the arginine, the interaction of which is mimicked by the N-terminal fragment and the TF from human TPX2) was synthesised and its binding analysed.
In this Feature Article, we focus on how the orientation of semiconducting polymer backbones are influenced by the chemical structure, e.g., backbone structure, molecular weight, and side chains, and processing conditions.
The distinct morphological and dynamical properties of BODIPY-L-t-LacCer in comparison to D-e-LacCer also underline the importance of orientation of headgroups and backbones.
The ability to guide the gaze orientation of others forms the backbone of joint attention.
