Now, in the primary visual cortex the preferred orientations are organized in a circular scheme around special points of the orientation map, known as pinwheels, in order to represent all the possible bar orientations in the range ([0,pi )).
By virtue of the uniform distribution of nanowire orientations in the range [−π/4,π/4] with respect to the normal plane of the membrane, resistance measurements correspond to average magnetoresistive values resulting from the contributions of all the current paths with different orientations with respect to the applied field direction.
A strand adjacency matrix is computed where two strands are treated to be adjacent if and only if they are in parallel (with orientation angle in the range ± 45○) or anti-parallel (with orientation angle in the range [135○ to 180○] or [−135○ to −180○]) orientation and there exist Van der Waals interactions between at least two pairs of atoms from the segment.
It is investigated that most of the shock orientation are in the range 130 170°; an angle of 180° indicates the shock is antiparallel to the Sun-Earth line and thus hits the magnetosphere head-on (Wang et al. 2009).
Circular statistics transform angular data to vectors, allowing for the analysis of angular data that fall on a circular (or directional) distribution with no true zero and an arbitrary designation of low and high values (e.g. orientation data in the range of 1° 360°).
Increasing the microtubule length to 18 µm (a 1.5-fold increase from the base value of 12 µm) preserves the dominant 45 90° peak in the centrosome orientation distribution in the range of the microtubule lengths where it was predicted with the 15-µm microtubules, especially in the 200 300 microtubule number range (Fig. 3).
This method is reflecting long-range interactions (γSLW) and acid base interactions (γSAB) which the chemical structure of polyurethane chains and their orientation character in the range of domain built from soft and hard segments are deciding.
PEI, though a stiff and bulky chain, is found to delay the oriented crystallization rate of PEEK, but has little effect on its crystalline orientation in the composition range investigated.
The deformation behavior of single crystals of WSi2 has been investigated as a function of crystal orientation in the temperature range from room temperature to 1500°C in compression.
The deformation behavior of single crystals of TiSi2 with the orthorhombic C54 structure has been investigated as a function of crystal orientation in the temperature range from room temperature to 1400 °C in compression.
