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That is actually the same orientation choice as the other study has shown [2].
Importantly for purposes of analysis (see below), each orientation choice was considered a binary state (or choice state), which lasted the period of the torque response.
Furthermore, in repeated trials, a fly took a highly variable time of hundreds of ms to make its first orientation choice (Figs. 3A, C), which often varied haphazardly between the stimuli (Fig. 3B).
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OkCupid included it among sexual orientation choices in part because "we know our audience swings toward the intellectual side," said Nick Saretzky, the company's director of product.
Results showed significant trends that can globally be used as guidelines for row orientation choices, even when multiple (straight or curved) row orientations per vineyard are used and when vineyards are established in more complex terrains/terroirs.
For example, one can compare the signals in the left electrode for left and right choices, given that its sensitivity does not deteriorate and the orientation choices are clearly distinguishable.
If such trends seem frequent, their generality can be then established by pooling the representative results from different experiments; given that in each case the recorded neural activity occurred during similarly patterned orientation choices.
Crucially, we found that neural outputs of the optic lobes showed consistent periodic activity that appeared to correlate with a fly's orientation choices over time scale of seconds (Fig. 6A).
The differences in the LFPs' power spectra between left or right stimulation (monocular stimulus paradigm) or a fly's left or right orientation choices (competing stimuli paradigm) were averaged for each optic lobe across different trials (see Materials and Methods).
Therefore, the intrinsic modulation of one optic lobe (or electrode) was estimated from the torque-trigged averages of the electrical activity (LFP or firing rate), as a difference between left and right orientation choices.
By using miniaturized electrodes lodged in a fly's left and right optic lobes (Fig. 4), we explored how their neural activity correlated with the visual stimuli and with the fly's orientation choices (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
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