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In this study, the orientation at which the absorber is effective is established, and the factors that affect performance of the absorber are determined.
Fig. 3 a: The display used in Experiment 1. Participants used the black bar to indicate the orientation at which the highlighted region extended into the object.
There is a critical fibre orientation at which subsurface damage and cutting force in feed direction would reach their worst situations.
In this study the orientation at which the absorber is effective is established and the factors that affect performance of the absorber are highlighted.
The greatest adaptation is observed at the local orientation at which the dynamics are experienced, with limited generalization to novel (untrained) orientations [ 7, 24].
Further, because the rotation with a full-cycle of orientations (0 180°) is repeated periodically, the voxel's response should also be periodic and a Fourier analysis of the time course at the stimulation frequency would determine the phase (orientation) at which the peak response is evoked, thus allowing us to infer the voxel's orientation preference.
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Although ⟨100⟩ and ⟨110⟩ are the most common zone axis orientations at which nanoparticles are studied in the TEM, nanoparticles may also be oriented away from low-order zone axes.
∑ is the number of orientations at which speed is evaluated.
According to the models of Daniels and Dunn, the observed anisotropy in Knoop hardness is determined mainly by the orientation of the indenter with respect to the operative slip systems, taking into account that the comparison between Knoop hardness and ERSS value must be limited to those orientations at which the same slip system is active on a given face.
The raw measurements of speed are also conditioned by including the measurements of the image structure X Y/X X and X Y/Y Y where the final conditioned speed vectors results in the number of orientations at which the speed is evaluated: ŝ ∥ = 2 Σ XT XX 1 + XY XX 2 − 1 ŝ ⊥ = 2 Σ YT YY 1 + XY YY 2 − 1 (8).
For any response given a confidence rating of 0 or 1, we further probed the participants' uncertainty by asking them which of the following reasons best described their confidence rating: (a) they have no idea what the orientation could be, (b) the orientation is not knowable from the picture, or (c) there could be a range of possible orientations at which the region extended into the object.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com