Hence, in order for any mechanism to inversely obtain the original arrowhead orientation always both, local and global cues must be registered.
As in the first experiment, subjects had to indicate the orientation of the arrowheads.
Subjects identified arrowhead orientations at chance level (65.7%±5.5 and 59.1%±4,9 for the small and large-scale version, respectively).
However, this lesser quality did not influence psychophysical results as subjects identified the orientation of the arrowheads in the binocular in expt.
In the monocular control conditions ('monoL' and 'monoR'), subjects saw the standard stimuli that were described in the Methods section (cf. Fig. 1) and had to indicate the orientation of the arrowheads as described above.
In contrast, the local cues, that is, whether the dots diverge or converge within the slits is determined by the combination of the motion direction and orientation of the arrowheads.
Each of the four formations thus showed a closed-line figure, and these figures could be oriented either way within the same stimulus and per-se gave no clue as to the orientation of the arrowheads (cf. the binocular condition in Fig. 3A).
In the cortex, we found, adjacent to the AIS, a Caspr+ para-AIS and a contiguous Kv1.1+ JXP-AIS in two neuronal types (see Additional file 1, Figure S1A-J), one of which being presumably a pyramidal cell (from the descending orientation and characteristic arrowhead-like morphology of its AIS: Additional file 1, Figure S1A-E).
In Mg-ADP (Kin3) and NN states (both motors), helix-α6 contacts the surface of α-tubulin (arrowhead) and its orientation with respect to helix-α4 ensures that the neck linker cannot dock.
The green arrows point toward FAs whose orientation changes immediately under tension; the arrowhead points to a FA, which is first formed parallel to stretching forces but then switches orientation after an initial phase of protrusion.
