Secondly, the performance of both polycrystalline and preferentially orientated ({1 0 0} and {1 1 0} faces) monocrystalline CVD diamond micro-arrays were evaluated in simulated surface grinding trials against a Ti 6Al 4V alloy workpiece where levels/mechanisms of wear of the crystallites as well as the main cutting forces have been analysed.
The coatings exhibited a hexagonal layered structure with predominant preferentially orientated (0 0 2) basal planes.
For highly orientated P3HT films, the temperature dependence of σ⊥ was found to reflect an amorphous character of charge hopping along this direction.
The films with c-axis orientated (002) planes parallel to the substrate were obtained at the substrate temperature of 300 °C, while at 150 °C other orientations, such as (100) and (101), were also obtained.
It was found that the (200) preferred orientated TiN/Mo2N nano-multilayer films exhibited fcc structure similar to B1-NaCl and formed isostructural superlattice with well defined interfaces between TiN and Mo2N layers.
Highly orientated (002) films were obtained under a base pressure of 10 mTorr, containing 40% oxygen and 60% argon at RF power of 60 W and a substrate temperature around 120 °C.
All experimental results are explained by a stepwise bulk phase formation process including rearrangement of adatoms in the 2-D adsorbed layer, formation of critical clusters and further rearrangement and growth forming epitaxially orientated 3-D crystallites.
These are either biophysical, agro-economically based and more mechanistic or deterministic orientated [6, 13, 14, 19, 30, 36] or more stochastic orientated [2, 5, 12, 23, 42, 48, 52], more rule-based including agent-based orientated [32, 45, 49] but all contain a combination of those types.
It overcomes the undesirable characteristics of nanofibers, such as poor mechanical strength, low surface roughness, and resulting structures which are randomly orientated [81].
The vertically orientated TiO2 nanotube array (TNA) decorated with TiO2 nano-particles was successfully fabricated by electrochemically anodizing titanium (Ti) foils followed by Ti-precursor post-treatment and annealing process.
Philippines (IDV = 32), Malaysia (IDV = 26), Chile (IDV = 23) Singapore (IDV = 20), Thailand (IDV = 20), and Taiwan (IDV = 17) belong to a more collectivistic orientated group.4 If MI could not be established within these two groups, the analyses was carried out in subgroups more narrowly defined through shared cultures and regions.
