The sensitivity of single cells can in certain cases be used by multicellular organisms to orient behavior without any nervous system (Leys and Degnan 2001; Nordström et al. 2003).
The nigro-collicular pathway that links the basal ganglia to the sensorimotor layers of superior colliculus plays a crucial role in promoting orienting behaviors.
Alternatively, it is also possible that the sKC activity is important for both the foraging and re-orienting behaviors and the relative repression of the lKC activity is important for the foraging behaviors.
Closer observation of animal behavior (of both the subject and the stimulus birds) during the experiment would also be warranted, to more deliberately evaluate arousal, attention, and orienting behaviors.
As the referees say, what ultimately matters is how well the animal can control its behavior, and the direction of motion is clearly more useful for orienting behaviors than the speed of motion, independently of how broad the velocity distribution is.
It is based on the observation that rodents exposed to an enclosed cylinder filled with water perform escape oriented behaviors for few minutes and, afterwards, assume a posture of immobility which is of shorter duration in animals that had received antidepressant treatment [ 45, 47, 48].
B Making use of the provision of dental care or treatment ("control-oriented" or "complaint- oriented" behavior) this was evaluated by asking how long ago the last visit to the dentist took place, the reason for the visit, and how often the dentist was visited during one year.
Maternal sensitivity predicted mother-orienting behavior for all infants, regardless of baseline EEG asymmetry.
ICNs are characterized by coherent ongoing activity between distributed brain regions during rest, in the absence of externally oriented behavior.
But mole rats that built nests within changing magnetic fields showed strong activity in a brain region called the superior colliculus, which collects spatial cues and directs orienting behavior.
