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This may reflect the strong selection pressure and consequent loss of genetic diversity of commercial European breeds over the years, such as those included in the British and Continental European breed groups, whereas herdbooks and organized breeding programs have only recently been adopted for a few Creole breeds.
After the birth of Folie in 1874, several Austrian noblemen became interested in the breed and petitioned the government for support and direction of organized breeding procedures.
Moreover, since some of the most important aquaculture species are single spawners under certain conditions (e.g., Atlantic and Pacific salmon), progeny testing is uncommon and organized breeding programs are often based on sib-testing (for invasive traits).
Besides the varieties of Hanwoo within Korea, Chinese Yanbian cattle have been shown to be genetically highly similar to Hanwoo [ 13] but have maintained a higher level of genetic diversity possibly due to the lack of artificial selection within an organized breeding program.
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Organized horse breeding based on different traits of conformation and performance under saddle has only been practised for one century [ 6- 8].
Thus, for example, constraints to organized animal breeding on small farms is considered with three alternative approaches: selection within indigenous breeds, importation of breeds for crossing and importation of improved breeds.
TK generated transgenic mice and organized the breedings.
The aim of this study is to evaluate possibilities to organize pig breeding and marketing channels in remote areas in the uplands of Northern Vietnam.
The patchy distribution of habitats in landscapes determines how populations are organized in local breeding groups and how frequently individuals move between these groups.
Our results tended to show that replacing traditional pBLUP genetic evaluations by genomic evaluations in a breeding scheme organized around the combined phenotyping of candidates and sibs could result in more improvement in terms of accuracy of EBV, annual genetic trends and inbreeding than increasing the number of sibs phenotyped for trait 2 while retaining traditional evaluations.
Our results show that genomic selection could substantially increase genetic gains achieved in a purebred pig sire line breeding scheme organized around combined phenotyping of candidates and sibs with pBLUP evaluations, while significantly reducing the annual increase in inbreeding in the population.
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