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Institutionalization within an organization was operationalized by the presence or absence of the CHRO position in the organization for 3 years, with a 3-year time lag.
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The change construct was defined as the movement of an organization from its present to a future state, and was operationalized using a four-item scale.
Second, proficiency was operationalized in terms of learners' class levels.
Household wealth was operationalized as possession of household assets.
This was operationalized as a binary variable.
Neighborhood was operationalized as census block group.
Multimorbidity was operationalized in six ways.
Alcohol consumption was operationalized as drinks per week.
Clinical performance was operationalized as students' mean clerkship grade.
The PVB dimension was operationalized and measured with six items.
The PV dimension was operationalized and measured with eleven items.
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