Until about 1887 their organization concentrated on designing large country and seaside mansions in what was called the Shingle style.
Andy Fremder, a co-founder of the fund, said the organization concentrated on Oakland, where 70 percent of high school students are black or Hispanic, groups that are underrepresented on college campuses.
Founded in 1885, the Círculo de Trabajadores organization concentrated on educational and cultural activities, hosting a secular school for 500 poor students and meetings for workers' groups.
A stronger peer effect increases the competition for high quality agents, resulting in both organizations concentrating their resources on fewer ranks with steeper increases in resources per rank, and yields a greater equilibrium difference in average quality between the two organizations.
Six mostly secret organizations concentrating on gay or lesbian issues were founded around this time, but persecution and harassment were continuous and grew worse with the dictatorship of Jorge Rafael Videla in 1976, when all groups were dissolved in the Dirty War.
"It's a powerful name," said Robert F. Kennedy Jr., founder and director of Riverkeeper, an environmental organization that concentrates on the Hudson River.
He is also the secretary of the International Association for China Planning, a nonprofit organization that concentrates on urban planning research.
Her father works in New York as the director of strategic planning for the North American Family Institute of Danvers, Mass., a human services organization that concentrates on programs for troubled youngsters.
Jeff Vasser, the executive director of the Atlantic City Convention and Visitors Bureau, said his organization, which concentrates on luring large events to the city, has long promoted the beach, though he conceded that it was usually an afterthought to visitors.
