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Diversified coffee agroecosystems harbor biodiversity, and maintain ecosystem services, especially when in complex landscapes, and when diversity of organisms providing services is maintained.
The pentose phosphate pathway is a key route of glucose metabolism in most organisms, providing NADPH for use as a cellular reductant and various carbohydrate intermediates used in cellular metabolism.
The current indicators including small organic fluorescent chemosensors, genetically encoded fluorescent reporters, artificially designed aptamers conjugated with nanomaterials, and fluorescent nanosensors based on ATP-dependent luciferase have successfully achieved imaging of ATP in living cells or organisms, providing valuable insights into exploring related physiological actions.
Specifically, the toxic effects of the anionic surfactant LAS have been examined in several experiments with different groups of aquatic organisms providing evidence of its toxicity (Marín et al. 1991; Bao-Quey and Dar-Yi 1994; Jorgensen and Christoffersen 2000; Rosety et al. 2001; Hampel et al. 2001; Christoffersen et al. 2003; Stefanoni and Abessa 2008; Coelho and Rocha 2010).
Largely roots from plant and animal breeding science, quantitative genetics aims to find genes or genetic loci that are underlying important biological traits (phenotypes) of studied organisms, providing the basis for causal, mechanistic studies as well as practical applications (improve the production of crops or animals, for example) (McCarthy et al., 2008).
Additionally 609 MS identified T. gondii proteins are unique as compared to any known organisms, providing an important subset of validated proteins for drug targeting.
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The organisms provide organic matter for the vast majority of the marine food chain.
Biological classification, the hierarchical arrangement of scientific names of organisms, provides keywords and links to catalogue and organize biological information (Patterson et al. 2014).
Today, the same organisms provide reliable information at higher levels of biological organization relevant to ecotoxicology.
Some organisms provide false information as to their identity by mimicking dangerous or inedible species.
Burrows created by other organisms provide important refugia for many vertebrates and invertebrates.
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