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Chemicals that function as signals between organisms of the same or different species are often referred to as semiochemicals.
The gene pool is the sum total of all the genes and combinations of genes that occur in a population of organisms of the same species.
The environment of an organism includes not only the climate and other physical features but also the organisms of the same or different species with which it is associated.
Conjugation, in biology, sexual process in which two lower organisms of the same species, such as bacteria, protozoans, and some algae and fungi, exchange nuclear material during a temporary union (e.g., ciliated protozoans), completely transfer one organism's contents to the other organism (bacteria and some algae), or fuse together to form one organism (most bacteria and fungi and some algae).
They are produced by the majority of known organisms and can serve as communication molecules between organisms of the same species, but also between organisms across organismal kingdoms (Effmert et al. 2012; Ryu et al. 2003).
John Damuth (Damuth 1985) has made the useful distinction between demes (local reproductive populations of species) and avatars local populations of organisms of the same species (i.e., "conspecifics") in an "economic" sense.
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These recent discoveries have resuscitated old virocentric debates that considered viruses (1) alive and/or (2) predating cells and/or (3) forming a group of organisms on the same footing as cellular organisms.
A special case is that of the pheromone, a substance generated by an organism that influences, by its odour, the behaviour of another organism of the same species.
Pheromone, any endogenous chemical secreted in minute amounts by an organism in order to elicit a particular reaction from another organism of the same species.
If multiple realizability were an empirical fact, results from experiments conducted on one species of animal (or one organism) would not be meaningful when generalized to explain the behavior of another species (or organism of the same species).
Interestingly, D. immitis genes involved in multi-organism processes, or a biological process involving another organism of the same or different species, were enriched among the L4 associated gene set.
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