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Increased peroxidase activity obtained in shoot and root tissues of chickpea seedlings exposed to solutions B and C may indicate an elevated level of ROS production in those organisms in comparison to that of the control and those treated with solution A. POD activity increased both in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.
There are indications of increased translational suppression of erythroid-specific genes in RP-deficient organisms in comparison to other genes.
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The duplicated genome of the zebrafish has contributed to the increased difficulty in constructing an accurate genetic map for this organism, in comparison to the mouse and human.
Lautenbach et al. also reported a longer LOS (OR: 1.74) and they documented higher hospital costs (OR: 2.9) associated with infections caused by an ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae organism in comparison to a matched-control group of patients infected with organisms belonging to these same species but that were not producing an ESBL [ 25].
If the ortholog of a gene from organism A is absent in "organism B", we define that this gene is unique or specific to organism A in comparison to organism B. This does not imply that there is no homolog (namely paralog) of the gene from organism A in organism B. In some cases, this gene is just an additional copy of another gene whose alleles/orthologs are found in both organisms.
Analysis of different features on nucleotide and amino acid level revealed striking differences in isoforms of actin and actin-related proteins in P. tetraurelia, both within the organism and in comparison to other organisms.
The structure of their trees and classification of organisms were scored in comparison to scientifically accepted trees.
This method relies on the assumption that mutants are "metabolically impaired" to grow, although there is evidence that not all knock-out organisms are dysfunctional in comparison to the parental wild-type strain.
This data enabled the authors to determine the up-regulation and down-regulation of individual genes under the most acidic and alkaline conditions the organisms could tolerate in comparison to optimal pH conditions.
The "function" or adaptive value of a trait refers to the way in which the trait affects the organism's fitness, in comparison to how other possible traits could perform in the organism's current environment.
This endemism level was noted as being very low in comparison to other organisms such as marine red algae (20%), marine invertebrates (32%), ferns and lycophytes (74%), flowering plants (79%), and insects (94%) [ 4],[ 9],[ 22].
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