Fish and other aquatic organisms are excellent models to study neuroactive small molecules like fluoxetine.
Spatiotemporal transgene regulation by transgenic DNA recombinases is a central tool for reverse genetics in multicellular organisms, with excellent applications for misexpression and lineage tracing experiments.
Cold and/or dry environments are ideal for the long time survival of DNA in the remains of organisms and excellent specimens have been recovered from such climatic locations [9], [22] [25].
Cave organisms provide excellent models for investigating the underlying patterns and processes governing the evolutionary loss of phenotypic traits.
In particular, although laboratory organisms make excellent models for understanding links between genotype and phenotype, new sequencing approaches have opened the way to studying natural populations [ 3– 6].
The close association between the physiology of a fish and its environment makes this organism an excellent model for studying modulation of gene expression by habitat.
This organism can tolerate a second phase of aromatic and aliphatic hydrophobic compounds such as toluene and 1-octanol, which property makes this organism an excellent platform host for the production of toxic hydrophobic compounds.
The publication of its genome sequence, subsequent systematic functional analysis and experimental characterization of its specific gene regulatory programs together with an extensive understanding of its biochemistry and physiology makes this micro-organism an excellent candidate next only to Escherichia coli K12 to model regulatory networks in silico.
As far as biomineralization is concerned, proteins are known to modulate the formation, morphology, orientation, and growth of the apatite crystals found in the mineralized tissues of living organisms (see the excellent reviews on this topic in refs. [99], [100], [142]).
These organisms thus are excellent sources for various desaturase and elongase genes of the LCPUFA pathway.
