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However, we must remember that the organised program was introduced after fifteen years of the spontaneous screening program.
The Australian Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Pilot (ACCEPt) is a randomised controlled trial of an organised program of chlamydia testing in general practice.
Among the subjects declaring having been screened in the 22 pilot departments, 52% did so within an organised program and 46% based upon individual initiative.
In 1998, this opportunistic system was estimated to be equivalent to an organised program with only 50% coverage and 10-year screening intervals [ 12].
For two districts we also had the age distribution of women undergoing mammography when tested either by an organised program or by private initiative in 1995 [ 28].
In the second year of the organised program we collected detailed data allowing us to analyse the contribution of US to sensitivity and specificity outside the framework of studies, namely in a population-based setting.
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including 17% of screening tests performed within organised programs 2 including21%; 10%, respectively, of screening tests performed within organised programs (p = 0.04) £: either FOBT or endoscopy **p < 0.01 *p < 0.05 List of variables included in the models: Gender, Age, Work status, City of living's size, Educational level, Marital status.
During the whole period, screening practices were not restricted to the women included in organised programs.
Compared to opportunistic screening, which is done at the request of an individual or her physician, organised programs have greater impact on cancer incidence and mortality, more potential to reduce disparities, higher cost effectiveness, and larger effects on risk reduction for a population [ 2].
Austria is one of the European countries where up to 2006 no organised programs were implemented, but where coverage by spontaneous mammography screening has been reported to be rather high: in a health survey conducted in Austria in 2006-2007 more than 80% of women aged 40+ answered that they had had at least one mammography (ever) and more than 40% had had one in the past year [ 10].
The APM stays in touch by carrying out a number of activities such as organising workshops, monitoring projects (usually through visits to the research labs), and organising program evaluation.
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