Ladha, J. K. et al. Long-term effects of organic inputs on yield and soil fertility in the rice wheat rotation.
Acidophilic algae, purple mat-forming sulfur bacteria and wood fragments from the adjacent bankside represent the primary organic inputs into the acid stream system (Fig. 2).
Fertilization is not much different (drip irrigation and fertigation), but organic fertilization is increased with green manure (dhaincha) and other organic inputs.
Alternative practices such as no-tillage and organic inputs have been shown to increase soil C content.
Six management treatments, i.e., tillage with no chemical or organic inputs (Control, TN), tillage with chemical inputs (TC), tillage with organic inputs (TO), no-tillage with chemical inputs (NC), no-tillage with organic inputs (NO), and fescue grasses (FG), were designed.
Below ground, harvesting changes both the quantity and quality of organic inputs and directly and indirectly alters soil chemistry, including increases in pH and reductions the C/N ratio, and the soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus pools6,31,32.
Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisers are widely used for enhancing agrosystem productivity and are thus thought to increase organic inputs from crop residues.
This framework highlights interactions between SOC and soil development, which may be applicable to other soils where organic inputs interact with the products of chemical weathering.
Density and biomass of D. nepalensis and L. pusillus varied significantly between different years of cropping under rainfed agriculture receiving oak based or pine based organic inputs.
Most common adaptations respond to soil conditions, water control, changing weather patterns, access to organic inputs, the decision to practice fully organic agriculture or not, access to labor, mechanization, and other socioeconomic factors.
Organic farming relies, for soil fertility management, on proper rotation designs, Agro-ecological Service Crops (ASCs) and a sound use of on- and off-farm organic inputs.
