Lactate, acetate, and sulfate concentrations were determined by ion chromatography (Metrohm-Peak) with a Metrosep organic acid column and a Metrosep Anion Supp 5 column as described previously [ 29].
Fumaric acid and carbohydrates were determined and quantified by HPLC using Aminex HPX87H organic acid column coupled to UV Vis diode array (Gilson, Middleton, USA) at 210 nm and a refractive index detector (Knauer, Berlin, Germany).
Alltech OA-2000 orgacid acolumnlumn (100 × 6.5 mm, 6.5 μm) (Grace Davison Discovery Science, Deerfield, IL, USA) was used with 5 mM formic acid as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and detected by UV detector at 215 nm.
An organic monolithic column based on the co-polymerization of 2-naphthyl methacrylate (NAPM) as the functional monomer and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as the crosslinker was introduced for high performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPC).
Samples were analyzed using a HPLC system (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) using the organic acid column IOA-1000 (Alltech, Deerfield, IL, USA) with 3.0 mM sulfuric acid as the mobile phase at 90°C and a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min.
Shikimic acid was analyzed on an Alltech OA-2000 orgacid acolumnlumn (100 × 6.5 mm, 6.5 μm) (Grace Davison Discovery Science, Deerfield, IL, USA) using 2.5 mM H2SO4 as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and detected at 215 nm by UV detector.
The byproducts of the batch fermentation by Bacillus sp. 2 6 were determined using an HPLC equipped with an organic acid column.
To ascertain the consumption of lactate, spent fluid from CCF-STTG1 cell cultures was collected at varying time intervals and analyzed utilizing a Rezex organic acid column (Phenomenex) in an Alliance HPLC (Waters).
A Rezex ROA organic acid column (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA) was used for compound identification (300 × 7.8 mm).
Also, a Rezex ROA organic acid column (300 × 7.8 mm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA) was used for compound identification (i.e., ethanol, furfural, HMF, levulinic acid, and acetic acid).
