Magnetic survey, one of the tools used by exploration geophysicists in their search for mineral-bearing ore bodies or even oil-bearing sedimentary structures and by archaeologists to locate and map the remains of buried structures.
In contaminant plumes or in the case of ore bodies, a source current density is produced at depth in response to the presence of a gradient of the redox potential.
The ore bodies are located on, or near the unconformities between the Neoarchean Carawine Dolomite and the Paleoproterozoic Pinjian Chert breccia (weathering product of Carawine Dolomite), and sedimentary units of the overlying ca 1300 1100 Ma Manganese Group.
Zone pegmatite ore bodies containing mineable quantities of caesium as pollucite or the lithium minerals lepidolite are also a source for rubidium as a by-product.
In the copper-cobalt ore bodies of central Africa and Russia, cobalt occurs as sulfides (carrollite, linnaeite, or siegenite), the oxide minerals heterogenite (hydrated cobalt oxide) and asbolite (a mixture of manganese and cobalt oxides), and the carbonate sphaerocobaltite.
One of the models for gold ore bodies in the Witwatersrand proposes that fine detrital gold accumulated on microbial or algal mats in a delta environment.
Many produce copper, too, since it often sits in the same ore bodies as gold.
New ore bodies are of poorer quality than yesteryear and sit deeper underground, so costs are rising.
In a world where big new ore bodies are hard to find, most will keep coming back to Africa.
If that is true, a pigeon's ability to navigate ought to be affected by gravitational anomalies caused by things like ore bodies and meteorite craters.
The reds, browns, and yellows of limonitic material, for example, can indicate leaching of sulfide-bearing veins and disseminated ore bodies.
