The "ordinary", commercially-available, binary Ni49.9Ti50.1 and a developmental "high temperature" ternary Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 alloys are used for comparison.
Commercially available ordinary Portland cement was used, which is equivalent to the Type I cement of ASTM C150 (ASTM International 2012).
Whilst, the particle size of the commercially available ordinary Portland cement is reported to be 10 30 µm (Jo et al. 2014c).
Commercially available ordinary Portland cement confirming to the requirements Grade 53 of Indian standard, IS 12269 with specific gravity of 3.1 and fineness modulus of 325 m2/kg was used for all concrete mixtures.
a Product obtained from the reaction condition A, b Product obtained from the reaction condition B, c Product obtained from the reaction condition C, d Product obtained from the reaction condition D. Figures 8a and 8b depict the FESEM images of the commercially available ordinary Portland cement and the cementitious material produced by the hydrothermal method, respectively.
Mortars were prepared using a commercially-available ordinary Portland cement CEM I 42.5R manufactured in Portugal (properties are presented in Table 1), distilled water, natural sand (with a grain size distribution according ASTM C778-05 (ASTM C 2005)), and a polycarboxylic based high range superplasticizer with weigth fraction of solids in the solution of 38%%.
Results from these tests show that geopolymer mortar exhibits higher temperature-induced degradation in bending and tensile strength, but lower degradation in compressive and bond strength than ordinary Portland cement mortar and commercially used repair mortar.
But, says the Copenhagen Business School in a new paper, low bunker fuel prices, a short sailing season and continuing treacherous ice conditions in the Arctic even in summer months means it could be 2040 at the earliest before it is commercially viable for ordinary merchant ships to pass through what is known as the northern sea route.
All you'll need to get started is an ordinary bottle of hairspray — most commercially-available varieties should work fine.
"The internet was not commercially useful to most ordinary consumers for 30 years really.
