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Perceiving that light passing through calcite was split into two rays, he called the stationary image the "ordinary beam" and the moving image the "extraordinary beam".
They also have more than one neutral axis, making the ordinary beam theory used in flexural design not justified in deep beams.
Perceiving that light passing through calcite was split into two rays, he called the stationary image the "ordinary beam" and the moving image the "extraordinary beam". Although Bartholin himself was unable to explain double refraction, it was recognized as a serious contradiction to Isaac Newton's optical theories.
The reliability of the beam is also considered with different mechanical models: simple ones using ordinary beam theory and a more elaborate one based on a stochastic finite element formulation.
Upper bound results, obtained using the present method, are compared with those obtained by other investigators using ordinary beam theories, two-dimensional finite element and finite difference procedures, and experimental methods.
In an ordinary beam, each photon moves in the direction of the beam, so when a photon bounces directly back from an object, it imparts the largest possible push.
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The ordinary beams theory based on Bernoulli's theorem is not applicable to non linear and non prismatic members, in RC structures like deep beams, pile caps, dapped ended beams and corbels etc.
The MUSIC spectrum is more sensitive to the directional variation of a beam approaching the array, compared with ordinary beam-forming analyses like frequency-wavenumber spectrum, semblance and slant stacking (Schmidt, 1986; Goldstein and Archuleta, 1991).
Saito and Otomi (1979) considered the response of viscoelastically supported ordinary beams.
The deep beams differ from ordinary beams in their geometrical proportions and nowadays are widely used as transfer girders in multistory buildings to avoid columns for providing free space at different floor levels for parking.
The results indicated that compared with the ordinary RC beam, all hybrid FRP-RC beams experienced significant enhancement in cracking, yielding and ultimate loads.
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