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First-order and second-order Magnus expansions are tested for approximating the time ordering operator.
The evolution operator is obtained in the interaction picture where time evolution is given by the interaction Hamiltonian, which is the integral over space of the second term in the Lagrangian density given above: V=e\int d^3x\bar\psi\gamma^\mu\psi A_\mu and so, one has U=T\exp\left[-\frac{i}{\hbar}\int_{t_0}^tdt'V(t')\right] where T is the time ordering operator.
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Matrix ordered operator spaces are 'non-commutative Banach spaces equipped with a non-commutative order'.
The proof given in [1] appealed to the theory of ordered operator spaces [2].
For the case whereVis a matrix ordered operator space, a natural cone is defined on the operator spaceX*⊗hV⊗hX, with ⊗hindicating the Haagerup tensor product, so as to make it a matrix ordered operator space.
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This fact makes their study more difficult to deal with than the one delivered to even order operators.
An intended evolution path under ideal control is therefore described by the control propagator (U_{c} (t,0) = mathcal {T}exp (-iint_{0}^{t}{H}_{c} (t'),dt' )), with (mathcal {T}) denoting the time-ordering operator.
The formal solution of Eq. (3) is given by psi z,t) = hat{T} exp biggl[ - Delta t sigma_{z} partial_{z} - i int_{t_{0}}^{t} M bigl z,t'bigr),dt' biggr] psi z,t_{0}), (6) where (hat{T}) is the time-ordering operator, (t_{0}) is the initial time and (Delta t = t-t_{0}).
The method is blended with fractional complex transformation and modified Riemann-Liouville fractional order operator.
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