We then ordered markers along each linkage group by iteratively rippling the order of eight markers at a time and choosing the order that required the fewest crossovers.
Probabilities from Chi square tests of segregation ratios against expected ratios of ordered markers were derived [ 76].
Beagle and fastPHASE rely, however, on ordered markers and sufficiently dense genotype data to enable haplotype reconstruction.
In the following we consider haplotypes, which are phased markers, i.e., a set of 1, 2, or several ordered markers on the same chromosome.
In order to understand these relationships, studies are turning to association-mapping techniques where thousands of ordered markers across a genome are scanned for association with a trait.
Heat maps of D′ and r for ordered markers and scaled by genetic distance show a clean pattern of LD decay in the MAGIC population.
Multipoint analysis was carried out with CarthaGène software that ordered markers within each RH group and determined their distances expressed in centirays (cR3500).
This widely successful approach relies on recombination to separate and order marker loci.
Following initial ordering, marker positions were individually scrutinized by eye to ensure a broadly correct map position and the determination of marker genotype blocks.
