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They are more on the order of observations.
In contrast to random sampling, time series are characterised by a non-incidental order of observations.
Analytically, this involved randomizing the order of observations in the second column for each comparison.
Comparing permutations with deliberately wiped out periodicity to the original time series we can estimate whether a particular order of observations (i.e. time series) is important.
For question 1, we have used the TENS frequency (at five levels), the order of observations, age, and gender of the participants as fixed effect explanatory variables.
Comparing permutations with deliberately wiped out periodicity to the original time series, we estimated whether the original order of observations minimized the overall noise.
Similar(53)
They may fear that removal of the need to follow a clear thought process to arrive at an ordering of observations reflecting their importance may interfere with the clarity of thought required to make sense of a complex study [3].
SR is usually displayed in modular format with section headings, contains a consistent ordering of observations in the form of templates or checklists, and uses standardised language and lexicon [4, 9, 10, 11].
With correlated observations within each block, the order of the observations matters and this order impacts variance and hence any notion of "balance".
However, for codon mutation counts on the order of 0-2 observations per 100 clones, differences between estimates can be considerable.
aThe rank represents the increasing ordered position of observations.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com