Apart from the definition of data types, relationships between tables, or the ordering of concepts in a domain tree, one has to be cautious with respect to semantic equivalence: the possibility to enter the same finding in more than one way.
We also observe that the atn.ntn weighting schema maximizes the top candidate (i.e. Precision at Recall = 0) measure, but for a general purpose system, we prefer to maximize average precision, since this is the only measure that summarizes the performance of the full ordering of concepts.
A biodiversity lab with a hands-on design and a smaller proportional emphasis on lower-order declarative knowledge can still improve students' lower-order declarative knowledge while enhancing their evolution-based, higher-order integration of concepts and evidence-based science reasoning.
Medieval theories of the transcendentals vary with regard to issues like the number and order of transcendental concepts and the systems of conceptual differentiation; the conceptual unity that is granted to them (analogy vs. univocity), and the way the transcendentals relate to the divine.
The proposed framework was successful in improving student learning for both lower-order declarative knowledge questions and evolution-based questions involving higher-order integration of concepts.
We focused students on the evolution-based higher-order integration of concepts with a post-lab written report that incorporated integration and evidence-based science reasoning.
Analogical terms could be viewed as subordinated to an ordered cluster of concepts (possibly but not necessarily described as a disjunction of concepts); or they could be subordinated to a single concept which represents in a prior and a posterior manner (per prius et posterius).
The learner corpus is used to produce an ordering of grammatical concepts in terms of increasing difficulty for acquisition.
All groups started with an ordering of the concepts that adhered closely to the phases of clinical reasoning (e.g., history, lab, diagnoses) and subsequently added an ordering as instructed: clinical concepts subsuming basic science concepts and basic science concepts subsuming clinical concepts.
Finally, both Frege and Russell maintained that existence is not a property of individuals but instead a second-order property a property of concepts, for Frege, and of propositional functions, for Russell.
